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    <li><a href="#示例">示例</a>
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        <li><a href="#如何接入">如何接入</a></li>
        <li><a href="#启动-nacos-server-并添加配置">启动 Nacos Server 并添加配置</a></li>
        <li><a href="#验证">验证</a></li>
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    <li><a href="#原理">原理</a>
      <ul>
        <li><a href="#nacos-config-数据结构">Nacos Config 数据结构</a></li>
        <li><a href="#spring-cloud-应用获取数据">Spring Cloud 应用获取数据</a></li>
        <li><a href="#自动注入">自动注入</a></li>
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    <article class="post">
        <header>
            <h1 class="post-title">Nacos配置管理演示</h1>
        </header>
        <date class="post-meta meta-date">
            2022年10月3日
        </date>
        
        <div class="post-meta">
            <span>|</span>
            
            <span class="meta-category"><a href='https://laoer123.gitee.io/categories/SpringCloudAlibaba'>SpringCloudAlibaba</a></span>
            
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        <div class="post-content">
            <h1 id="说明">说明</h1>
<p>演示如何使用 Nacos Config Starter 完成 Spring Cloud 应用的配置管理。</p>
<p>Nacos 是阿里巴巴开源的一个更易于构建云原生应用的动态服务发现、配置管理和服务管理平台。</p>
<h2 id="示例">示例</h2>
<h3 id="如何接入">如何接入</h3>
<p>在启动示例进行演示之前，我们先了解一下 Spring Cloud 应用如何接入 Nacos Config。 注意 本章节只是为了便于您理解接入方式，本示例代码中已经完成接入工作，您无需再进行修改。</p>
<ol>
<li>首先，修改 pom.xml 文件，引入 Nacos Config Starter。</li>
</ol>
<pre><code class="language-pom" data-lang="pom"> &lt;dependency&gt;
     &lt;groupId&gt;com.alibaba.cloud&lt;/groupId&gt;
     &lt;artifactId&gt;spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config&lt;/artifactId&gt;
 &lt;/dependency&gt;
</code></pre><ol start="2">
<li>在应用的 /src/main/resources/bootstrap.properties 配置文件中配置 Nacos Config 元数据</li>
</ol>
<pre><code class="language-properties" data-lang="properties"> spring.application.name=nacos-config-example
 spring.cloud.nacos.config.server-addr=127.0.0.1:8848
</code></pre><ol start="3">
<li>完成上述两步后，应用会从 Nacos Config 中获取相应的配置，并添加在 Spring Environment 的 PropertySources 中。假设我们通过 Nacos 配置中心保存 Nacos 的部分配置,有以下四种例子:<br>
  1)BeanAutoRefreshConfigExample: 通过将配置信息配置为bean，支持配置变自动刷新的例子<br>
  2) ConfigListenerExample: 监听配置信息的例子<br>
  3) DockingInterfaceExample: 对接 nacos 接口，通过接口完成对配置信息增删改查的例子<br>
  4) ValueAnnotationExample: 通过 @Value 注解进行配置信息获取的例子<br>
  5) SharedConfigExample: 共享配置的例子<br>
  6) ExtensionConfigExample: 扩展配置的例子</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="启动-nacos-server-并添加配置">启动 Nacos Server 并添加配置</h3>
<ol>
<li>首先需要获取 Nacos Server，支持直接下载和源码构建两种方式。推荐使用最新版本 Nacos Server<br>
  1)直接下载：Nacos Server 下载页<br>
  2)源码构建：进入 Nacos Github 项目页面，将代码 git clone 到本地自行编译打包，参考此文档。</li>
<li>启动 Server，进入下载到本地并解压完成后的文件夹(使用源码构建的方式则进入编译打包好的文件夹)，再进去其相对文件夹 nacos/bin，并对照操作系统实际情况执行如下命令。详情参考此文档。<br>
  1)Linux/Unix/Mac 操作系统，执行命令 sh startup.sh -m standalone<br>
  2)Windows 操作系统，执行命令 cmd startup.cmd</li>
<li>在命令行执行如下命令，向 Nacos Server 中添加一条配置。</li>
</ol>
<div class="highlight"><div style="background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4">
<table style="border-spacing:0;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;width:auto;overflow:auto;display:block;"><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;">
<pre style="background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code><span style="margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">1
</span></code></pre></td>
<td style="vertical-align:top;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;;width:100%">
<pre style="background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">curl -X POST <span style="color:#d14">&#34;http://127.0.0.1:8848/nacos/v1/cs/configs?dataId=nacos-config-example.properties&amp;group=DEFAULT_GROUP&amp;content=spring.cloud.nacos.config.serverAddr=127.0.0.1:8848%0Aspring.cloud.nacos.config.prefix=PREFIX%0Aspring.cloud.nacos.config.group=GROUP%0Aspring.cloud.nacos.config.namespace=NAMESPACE&#34;</span>
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><p>注：你也可以使用其他方式添加，遵循 HTTP API 规范即可，若您使用的 Nacos 版本自带控制台，建议直接使用控制台进行配置<br>
添加的配置的详情如下</p>
<pre><code class="language-properties" data-lang="properties"> dataId 为 nacos-config-example.properties
 group 为 DEFAULT_GROUP
 
 内容如下:
 
 spring.cloud.nacos.config.serverAddr=127.0.0.1:8848
 spring.cloud.nacos.config.prefix=PREFIX
 spring.cloud.nacos.config.group=GROUP
 spring.cloud.nacos.config.namespace=NAMESPACE
</code></pre><ol start="4">
<li>添加共享配置和扩展配置<br>
共享配置:</li>
</ol>
<div class="highlight"><div style="background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4">
<table style="border-spacing:0;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;width:auto;overflow:auto;display:block;"><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;">
<pre style="background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code><span style="margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f"> 1
</span><span style="margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f"> 2
</span><span style="margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f"> 3
</span><span style="margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f"> 4
</span><span style="margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f"> 5
</span><span style="margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f"> 6
</span><span style="margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f"> 7
</span><span style="margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f"> 8
</span><span style="margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f"> 9
</span><span style="margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">10
</span><span style="margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">11
</span><span style="margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">12
</span></code></pre></td>
<td style="vertical-align:top;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;;width:100%">
<pre style="background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml"><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">dataId为</span>:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>data-source.yaml<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">   </span>group<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>为：<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>DEFAULT_GROUP<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb"> 	
</span><span style="color:#bbb">   </span><span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">内容如下</span>:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb"> 	
</span><span style="color:#bbb">   </span><span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">spring</span>:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">    </span><span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">datasource</span>:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">     </span><span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">name</span>:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>datasource<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">     </span><span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">url</span>:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>jdbc:mysql://<span style="color:#099">127.0.0.1</span>:<span style="color:#099">3306</span>/nacos?characterEncoding=UTF<span style="color:#099">-8</span><span style="color:#999;font-weight:bold;font-style:italic">&amp;characterSetResults=UTF-8&amp;zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull&amp;useDynamicCharsetInfo=false&amp;useSSL=false</span><span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">     </span><span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">username</span>:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>root<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">     </span><span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">password</span>:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>root<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">     </span><span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">driverClassName</span>:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver<span style="color:#bbb">
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><p>扩展配置:<br>
可以使用扩展配置覆盖共享配置中的配置</p>
<div class="highlight"><div style="background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4">
<table style="border-spacing:0;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;width:auto;overflow:auto;display:block;"><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;">
<pre style="background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code><span style="margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">1
</span><span style="margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">2
</span><span style="margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">3
</span><span style="margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">4
</span><span style="margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">5
</span><span style="margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">6
</span><span style="margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">7
</span><span style="margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">8
</span><span style="margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">9
</span></code></pre></td>
<td style="vertical-align:top;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;;width:100%">
<pre style="background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml"><span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">dataId为</span>:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>ext-data-source.yaml<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">   </span>group<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>为：<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>DEFAULT_GROUP<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb"> 	
</span><span style="color:#bbb">   </span><span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">内容如下</span>:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb"> 	
</span><span style="color:#bbb">   </span><span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">spring</span>:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">    </span><span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">datasource</span>:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">     </span><span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">username</span>:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>ext-root<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb">     </span><span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">password</span>:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>ext-root<span style="color:#bbb">
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><p>应用启动</p>
<ol>
<li>增加配置，在应用的 /src/main/resources/application.properties 中添加基本配置信息</li>
</ol>
<pre><code class="language-properties" data-lang="properties"> server.port=18084
 management.endpoints.web.exposure.include=*
</code></pre><p>启动应用，支持 IDE 直接启动和编译打包后启动。<br>
1)IDE直接启动：找到主类 Application，执行 main 方法启动应用。<br>
2)打包编译后启动：首先执行 mvn clean package 将工程编译打包，然后执行 java -jar nacos-config-example.jar启动应用。</p>
<h3 id="验证">验证</h3>
<p>验证自动注入<br>
在浏览器地址栏输入 http://127.0.0.1:18084/nacos/bean，并点击调转，可以看到成功从 Nacos Config Server 中获取了数据。<br>
<img src="/img/Nacos3.png" alt="alt Nacos3"><br>
验证动态刷新</p>
<ol>
<li>执行如下命令，修改 Nacos Server 端的配置数据</li>
</ol>
<div class="highlight"><div style="background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4">
<table style="border-spacing:0;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;width:auto;overflow:auto;display:block;"><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;">
<pre style="background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code><span style="margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">1
</span></code></pre></td>
<td style="vertical-align:top;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;;width:100%">
<pre style="background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell"> curl -X POST <span style="color:#d14">&#34;http://127.0.0.1:8848/nacos/v1/cs/configs?dataId=nacos-config-example.properties&amp;group=DEFAULT_GROUP&amp;content=spring.cloud.nacos.config.serveraddr=127.0.0.1:8848%0Aspring.cloud.nacos.config.prefix=PREFIX%0Aspring.cloud.nacos.config.group=DEFAULT_GROUP%0Aspring.cloud.nacos.config.namespace=NAMESPACE&#34;</span>
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><ol start="2">
<li>在浏览器地址栏输入 http://127.0.0.1:18084/nacos/bean，并点击调转，可以看到应用从 Nacos Server 中获取了最新的数据，group 变成了 DEFAULT_GROUP。</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="原理">原理</h2>
<h3 id="nacos-config-数据结构">Nacos Config 数据结构</h3>
<p>Nacos Config 主要通过 dataId 和 group 来唯一确定一条配置，我们假定你已经了解此背景。如果不了解，请参考 Nacos 文档。<br>
Nacos Client 从 Nacos Server 端获取数据时，调用的是此接口 ConfigService.getConfig(String dataId, String group, long timeoutMs)。</p>
<h3 id="spring-cloud-应用获取数据">Spring Cloud 应用获取数据</h3>
<p>dataID<br>
在 Nacos Config Starter 中，dataId 的拼接格式如下</p>
<div class="highlight"><div style="background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4">
<table style="border-spacing:0;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;width:auto;overflow:auto;display:block;"><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;">
<pre style="background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code><span style="margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">1
</span></code></pre></td>
<td style="vertical-align:top;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;;width:100%">
<pre style="background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-txt" data-lang="txt">${prefix} - ${spring.profiles.active} . ${file-extension}
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><ol>
<li>
<p>prefix 默认为 spring.application.name 的值，也可以通过配置项 spring.cloud.nacos.config.prefix来配置。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>spring.profiles.active 即为当前环境对应的 profile，详情可以参考 Spring Boot文档<br>
注意，当 active profile 为空时，对应的连接符 - 也将不存在，dataId 的拼接格式变成 ${prefix}.${file-extension}</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>file-extension 为配置内容的数据格式，可以通过配置项 spring.cloud.nacos.config.file-extension来配置。 目前只支持 properties 类型。<br>
group<br>
group 默认为 DEFAULT_GROUP，可以通过 spring.cloud.nacos.config.group 配置。</p>
</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="自动注入">自动注入</h3>
<p>Nacos Config Starter 实现了 org.springframework.cloud.bootstrap.config.PropertySourceLocator接口，并将优先级设置成了最高。<br>
在 Spring Cloud 应用启动阶段，会主动从 Nacos Server 端获取对应的数据，并将获取到的数据转换成 PropertySource 且注入到 Environment 的 PropertySources 属性中，所以使用 @Value 注解也能直接获取 Nacos Server 端配置的内容。</p>
<h3 id="动态刷新">动态刷新</h3>
<p>Nacos Config Starter 默认为所有获取数据成功的 Nacos 的配置项添加了监听功能，在监听到服务端配置发生变化时会实时触发 org.springframework.cloud.context.refresh.ContextRefresher 的 refresh 方法 。<br>
如果需要对 Bean 进行动态刷新，请参照 Spring 和 Spring Cloud 规范。推荐给类添加 @RefreshScope 或 @ConfigurationProperties 注解，<br>
更多详情请参考 ContextRefresher Java Doc。</p>

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        <li><strong>原文作者：</strong><a rel="author" href="https://laoer123.gitee.io/laoer123">Jeremy Sze</a></li>
        <li style="word-break:break-all"><strong>原文链接：</strong><a href="https://laoer123.gitee.io/laoer123/post/Nacos%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E6%BC%94%E7%A4%BA/">https://laoer123.gitee.io/laoer123/post/Nacos%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E6%BC%94%E7%A4%BA/</a></li>
        <li><strong>版权声明：</strong>本作品采用<a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/">知识共享署名-非商业性使用-禁止演绎 4.0 国际许可协议</a>进行许可，非商业转载请注明出处（作者，原文链接），商业转载请联系作者获得授权。</li>
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